As noted above, this report understands this aspect of reparations, detailed in the Bringing Them Home Report, as the policies and practices in place to improve the quality of life for Stolen Generations following the various detrimental impacts on social determinants due separation from family, community, Culture and Country.
Telling the Stories of Stolen Children
The Bringing Them Home Report’s first recommendation was in relation to recording the stories of Stolen Generations.213 It is noted that Victoria has a history of recording Aboriginal and Stolen Generations stories though the Koorie Heritage Trust and other community organisations.214 This recommendation is made in response to below consultation results which found that many Stolen Generations wish to have their story recorded for education purposes, as a healing tool, and/or to share with family. The Steering Committee’s Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates out of 94 participants 37 see intergenerational healing as occurring through recording their or their families Stolen Generation/s story.
Recommendation 40
The Steering Committee recommends that avenues for Stolen Generations stories to be recorded be provided as part of a holistic Stolen Generations Reparations response.
To fulfill this recommendation the following recommendations are made:
- The Steering Committee recommends that Creative Victoria set aside 1 year of First Nations Funding for Stolen Generations, or descendants of Stolen Generations, artists, directors, filmmakers and authors or other creators to support Stolen Generations or family of Stolen Generations to write, film, playwright, create exhibitions or other form of creative storytelling.
- It is recommended that Bunjilaka and Koorie Heritage Trust, in consultation with the Stolen Generations Advisory Committee (detailed in 4.2 Accountability and Evaluation, recommendation 14), re-establish a permanent exhibition, including photos and films etc, about the history of Stolen Generations in Victoria.
- It is recommended to refine the Koorie Heritage Trust Oral Histories project to refocus on recording Stolen Generations stories, in particular any Stolen Generations individuals who identify through the Reparations package that they would like their story recorded. It is recommended that the Stolen Generations person have full control over access conditions of the recording of their story i.e. they can stipulate who can view their story, whether or not it can be made available online and when the story can be made available for viewing, in terms of during or after their lifetime.
- It is recommended that all Victorian Traditional Owner Groups include the stories of Stolen Generations on their websites and develop this in partnership with Stolen Generations.
- It is recommended that all content that is produced should be accessible to a wide range of people with a lived experience of disability, for example books being created in braille and as audio books, accessible venues and media.
- It is recommended that Victorian Stolen Generation individuals eligible to the Stolen Generations Reparations package are provided access to funding to re-author their family narratives in which ever form they choose, and that a dedicated position is established to support this. This includes providing support workers for Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability.
It is recommended that self-determination be the under-lying principle of this recommendation, in that Victorian Stolen Generations eligible for the Reparations package be offered a way to tell their story that best suits them, such a publishing a book, recording a personal oral history, or a collective story that includes family and community perspectives. This principle also allows for Stolen Generations who do not wish to tell their story again to have agency within this offer.
Health and Social and Emotional Wellbeing
The Steering Committee found throughout consultation that health and mental health are of significant concern to many Victorian Stolen Generations. As such the following recommendations have been to improve the quality of life for Stolen Generations and their descendants.
Recommendation 41
The Steering Committee recommends that specialised and long-term access to all health care, including mental health, specialist appointments and cultural healing modalities, be provided to Stolen Generations and descendants.
It is recommended that this be implemented within a health care model tailored for Stolen Generations and recognised by Medicare or through a new Stolen Generations health care card system. It is recommended that this model not be limited under the existing health or mental health care models or restricted by General Practitioner vetting. It is recommended that this model include access to cultural healing modalities alongside standard models of health and mental health care. It is recommended that this not impact in anyway on existing models of care or entitlement provided for under the National Disability Insurance Scheme and instead provides additional support workers to ensure Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability are able to access improved health care.
It is essential in developing improved access to health and mental health services that those with a lived experience of disability and the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Aboriginal community are considered throughout the process. A Stolen Generations participant in consultation stated they ‘Definitely found it hard to understand people and get access to good health services, ended up homeless and in the hospital a long time before family came and found me.’
The Steering Committee recommends this service be eligible to all Stolen Generations living in Victoria, this includes those who would not be eligible for the Stolen Generations Reparations package, for example because they were removed interstate but now live in Victoria. Finity Consulting has estimated that there are around 4000 Stolen Generations living in Victoria who may be eligible for this enhanced service and between 9,500 and 11,300 descendants who would be eligible. Finity Consulting state ‘There is significant uncertainty around this estimate.’215 Further information on the participant estimate research for the enhanced health and mental health component of Reparations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
Recommendation 42
The Steering Committee recommend that Stolen Generations health and mental health training and accreditation be developed and made mandatory for health and mental health care professionals to ensure that they are able to understand and respond appropriately to Stolen Generations clients and descendants.
This was also recommended in the Bringing Them Home Report and since then it has been stated that ‘The residue of unresolved anger and grief that blankets the Aboriginal community [in relation to Stolen Generations] has had a devastating effect on the physical, emotional and mental wellbeing of so many...Psychologists, other health and social science professionals have an absolute obligation and a duty of care to share in this reparation [as noted in the Bringing Them Home Report] process.’216 It is also noted that the Healing Foundation, the national body for Stolen Generations, have continually advocated for a national trauma strategy, at both policy and service provision levels, for Stolen Generations and descendants. The Healing Foundation have also developed four pillars of trauma recovery throughout their work with Stolen Generations: Safety, Identity, Reconnection, and Trauma Awareness.217
Health
As noted above access to improved health services was a consistent them arising from Reparations consultations sessions, many stated they wanted to have the same health care as awarded to returned veterans, access to cultural healing modalities, immediate eligibility for the disability pension due to the complex post-traumatic stress that is experienced due to separation from family, community, Culture and Country and that they don’t want to leave home or Country to receive specialist health or mental health care.
New research completed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicates that Stolen Generations nationally were ‘more likely to report having asthma, cancer, diabetes, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension. From a list of 13 long-term health conditions, 45% reported having seven or more, and almost a quarter reported having 10 or more.’218 Further research on the health outcomes for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
As there are no references to the specific requirements of Stolen Generations health and wellbeing in the Victorian Government ten-year strategy, ‘Korin Balit-Djak Aboriginal health, wellbeing and safety strategic plan 2017–2027’, it may be that the above recommendations are integrated into this policy.219
Mental Health
The Bringing Them Home and subsequent Victorian Stolen Generations reports have advocated for more appropriate mental health support for Stolen Generations and the development of training for practitioners to be able to support Stolen Generations to heal.220 The Steering Committee consultation sessions also consistently raised the inadequacy of mental health support available, noting that services were difficult to access, and once seen by a practitioner Stolen Generations felt frequently misunderstood within the mental health system and that practitioners were not equipped to support them to heal as Stolen Generations. One Stolen Generations consultation participant stated ‘I am seeing a psychologist as part of my healing. This has been a challenge as it requires me to keep seeing my GP to renew my Mental Health Care plan to be able to access this service. Access to counselling should be provided for at least 3 years minimum. It’s needed to really heal.’ The Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates 23 of 63 participants who identified as Stolen Generations would benefit from counselling and 13 participants stated that this was the most important part of Reparations for them. The survey also indicates out of 94 participants, 49 see intergenerational healing as occurring through improved access to trauma informed and/or cultural mental health services. New research completed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicates that Stolen Generations nationally 1.4 times as likely to report poor mental health (40%) and 1.3 times as likely to report having been diagnosed with a mental health condition (43%) as people of the same age who were not removed.’221 Further research on the mental health outcomes for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
The Victorian Government 2017-2027 Balit Murrup Aboriginal social and emotional wellbeing framework states in the next four years it aims to provides trauma counselling for Stolen Generations.222 The recent Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System notes increased focus on supporting Stolen Generations is needed.223 It may be that the above recommendations are integrated within the Balit Murrup framework and built into any outcomes from the Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System.
Aged Care
The 2021 Aged Care Royal Commission Final Report found that ‘Given the number of members of the Stolen Generations who will need care in the years ahead, cultural safety demands a trauma-informed approach to care. For members of the Stolen Generations, their childhood experiences further compromise their ability to seek services. Recognition of this reality should dictate and inform how such services should be provided.’224 The Royal Commission also found that ‘Members of the Stolen Generations can fear the possibility of residential aged care, dreading ‘another removal, being re-institutionalised and reliving their experience of trauma.’225 Appropriate aged care was also found to be important to Victorian Stolen Generations during the Reparations consultation process. The Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates 24 of 63 participants who identified as Stolen Generations need better access to appropriate aged care assistance. The majority of Stolen Generations Reparations survey participants were aged 52 or over. This aligns with new research completed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicates that Stolen Generations nationally ‘…are an ageing population. In 2018–19, more than 80% were aged 50 and over, making up approximately one in five (21%) of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in this age group.’226 Further research on the age average for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
Recommendation 43
The Steering Committee recommends that tailored aged care packages need to be developed for Stolen Generations. It is considered this should be for Stolen Generations aged 50 and over.
It is recommended that this package should provide support to appropriate counselling services, assistance with wills and other end of life legal requirements, such as power of attorney, connection to local council services, cultural healing activities, and other supports that may be required such as in palliative care or funeral planning. It is recommended that this be administered within a specialised access card or as an addition to the Medicare card and doesn’t not limit Stolen Generations in anyway to access social security allowances or Reparations payments. It is recommended that this not impact in anyway on existing models of care or entitlement provided for under the National Disability Insurance Scheme and instead provides additional support workers to ensure Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability are able to access improved aged care.
The Steering Committee recommends this service be eligible to all Stolen Generations living in Victoria, this includes those who would not be eligible for the Stolen Generations Reparations package, for example because they were removed interstate. Finity Consulting has estimated that there are around 4000 Stolen Generations living in Victoria who may be eligible for this enhanced service. Finity Consulting state ‘There is significant uncertainty around this estimate.’227 Further information on the participant estimate research for the enhanced aged care component of Reparations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
In 2019 The Healing Foundation and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ageing Advisory Group of the Australian Association of Gerontology ran a Stolen Generations Aged Care Forum in Melbourne to ‘shape trauma informed aged care strategies for Stolen Generations’. Following this forum, a report was released which makes a number of policy recommendations for Stolen Generations in aged care. It is noted that that this research may assist in developing a holistic aged care response for Stolen Generations in Victoria.228
Recommendation 44
The Steering Committee recommends that a comprehensive Victorian aged care Stolen Generations education and training package be developed to ensure that Victorian Stolen Generations receive trauma informed and Stolen Generations specific age care services within an accreditated framework.
It is recognised that aged care is not limited to aged care facilities for example, a number of Stolen Generations consultation participants stated that they did not wish to enter an aged care facility but wished to receive aged care support at home. A consultation participant stated ‘We don’t want to end up in Aged Care that reminds us of being in the homes…’
It is recommended that any aged care training or support package is developed with the advice of the Stolen Generations Advisory Committee (detailed in 4.2 Accountability and Evaluation, recommendation 14).
Housing
The Steering Committee’s Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates 18 of 63 participants who identified as Stolen Generations need better access to housing or homelessness assistance. Additionally, generational housing inequity and home ownership was raised during many Reparations consultation groups across Victoria. New research completed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicates that Stolen Generations nationally were ‘1.8 times as likely to not own their own home compared with those not removed.’229 Further research on the housing and homelessness outcomes for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
The Steering Committee makes the following recommendation as a solution to the need for public housing service improvements for Stolen Generations.
Recommendation 45
The Steering Committee recommends that priority housing be made available to Stolen Generations.
It is also recommended that accessible housing options and housing maintenance are increased for Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability.
The Steering Committee recommends this service be eligible to all Stolen Generations living in Victoria, this includes those who would not be eligible for the Stolen Generations Reparations package, for example because they were removed interstate. Finity Consulting has estimated that there are around 4000 Stolen Generations living in Victoria who may be eligible for this enhanced service. Finity Consulting state ‘There is significant uncertainty around this estimate.’230 Further information on the participant estimate research for the enhanced housing component of Reparations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
This may be considered as an action within the Victorian Government commitment to create more social and community housing. It is noted that NSW Aboriginal Housing assessments have developed priority access housing practices for Stolen Generations, including a specialised confirmation of Aboriginality process.231 This model may be considered for development and adjustments to a Victorian priority housing model for Stolen Generations.
Aboriginal Policy and Decision Making
The Steering Committee heard consistently throughout consultation that Stolen Generations do not feel a strong sense of belonging within the broader Aboriginal community and do not feel that they are heard within Aboriginal decision-making processes. Further research on Victorian Stolen Generations ability to have a say within their communities compared with Victorian Aboriginal people who were not separated from family will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.232
Recommendation 46
The Steering Committee recommends that the State continues to engage with the First Peoples’ Assembly of Victoria to ensure Victoria’s treaty process incorporates the aspirations and voices of Victorian Stolen Generations, including those with a lived experience of disability.
It is recommended that advice be sought from the Stolen Generations Advisory Committee (detailed at 4.2 Accountability and Evaluation, recommendation 14) as to how the First Peoples Assembly makes changes to ensure that their perspectives are included in Aboriginal policy and decision making for Victoria.
Recommendation 47
The Steering Committee recommends that the Yoo-rrook Justice Commission convene a state-wide meeting with Victorian Stolen Generations and Stolen Generations support services.
It is recommended that any statewide meeting include accessible options, such as accessible venue, support workers and Auslan interpreters for those with a lived experience of disability.
This is recommended to ensure that Victorian Stolen Generations and supporting agencies are engaged with in a meaningful an ongoing capacity.
Recommendation 48
The Steering Committee recommends that the Yoo-rrook Justice Commission and the Victorian First Peoples Assembly advocate for and support the implementation of the recommendations made in this report.
Disability Services
The Steering Committee heard from consultation that significant access changes need to be addressed for Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability, including for those that are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. It was stated that National Disability Insurance Scheme needs to be more accessible for Stolen Generations and more research is needed on the links between disability and Stolen Generations trauma to improve services. The Generations Reparations survey indicates 19 of 63 participants who identified as Stolen Generations need better access to disability or National Disability Insurance Scheme assistance.
Recommendation 49
The Steering Committee recommends that the Victorian State Disability Plan is reviewed and strengthened to ensure that the unmet needs of Stolen Generations with a lived experience of disability are identified and resulting outcomes are incorporated and implemented within the state plan.
It is noted that the First Peoples Disability Network Australia works within ‘a social model of disability, in which we understand ‘disability’ to be the result of barriers to our equal participation in the social and physical environment. These barriers can and must be dismantled. The social model stands in contrast to a medical model of disability, which focuses on diagnosis.’ This recommendation supports this social model of disability when implementing changes for Stolen Generations with a disability in Victoria.
New research completed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicates that nationally ‘61% of Stolen Generations survivors aged 50 and over reported living with a disability/restrictive long-term condition.’233 Further research on the disability outcomes for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
Police, Justice and Corrective Services
The Stolen Generations Reparations consultation sessions raised many issues in this area for Stolen Generations, including increased support for Stolen Generations transitioning from corrective services to mainstream living, including for those with a lived experience of disability, and a better understanding of Stolen Generations within corrective services and justice systems, including raising awareness within Victoria Police. The Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates 5 of 63 participants who identified as Stolen Generations need better access to corrective services or post released assistance. It is noted that the survey data only reflects a small portion of the incarcerated Stolen Generations population. Further research on the police and justice system outcomes for Victorian Stolen Generations will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
The Steering Committee has considered this consultation data and make the following recommendations as a solution to the need for police, justice and corrective service improvements for Stolen Generations.
Recommendation 50
It is recommended that Victoria Police introduce training into the Police Academy that includes the truth about their role removing Aboriginal children and the impacts of this on Aboriginal Victoria today.
It is recommended that the training should be delivered early in the Police Academy modules with dedicated units that are assessed and examined.
Recommendation 51
The Steering Committee recommends that the Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement is reviewed and strengthened to ensure that outcomes are implemented to support the needs of Stolen Generations within the justice system, including those with a lived experience of disability.
Outcomes that are considered essential are training and accreditation for magistrates and judges to ensure that the past trauma of Stolen Generations is properly weighted and considered in the justice process, decreasing the high numbers of Stolen Generations, including women and people with a lived experience of disability, in corrective services and support for Stolen Generations people transitioning from corrective services into mainstream society. Recommendations on the holistic health and wellbeing of those incarcerated were outlined in the Bringing Them Home Report.234
After many years of advocacy by Stolen Generations and others, legislation was passed in 2018 to remove historical child protection records from criminal records. Chapter 7A of the Children Youth and Families Act 2005, Victoria details the nature of these historical child protection records and the legislated process for not considering these records as a criminal charge.235 Information provided by Department of Justice and Community Safety confirms that Victoria Police have removed the historical child protection records from individuals files and associated agencies have met the other policy requirements regarding the release of the historical child protection records as detailed in this legislation. Based on the results of Reparations consultation it appears that Stolen Generations are unaware of these changes as many raised this issue as outstanding, as such the following recommendation is made.
Recommendation 52
The Steering Committee recommends that Stolen Generations who have had their child protection record/s removed from Victoria Police files are formally notified that this has occurred.
It is also recommended to provide information to the relevant agencies providing a service to Stolen Generations such as the Bringing Them Home Workers, Connecting Home, Koorie Family History Service - Koorie Heritage Trust, Link-Up Victoria and Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service.
Intergenerational Healing Considerations
Intergenerational Healing was a strong and consistent theme across all consultations with Stolen Generations and the following recommendation has been made with respect to the ongoing need for intergenerational healing and change in all areas of service provision and policy development. The Stolen Generations Reparations survey indicates out of 94 participants 52 see intergenerational healing as occurring through Stolen Generations family healing centres or a healing fund, two participants further specified this should include men and women’s healing separately, and that healing centres need to be based in regional and urban areas. Additionally, 45 participants see intergenerational healing as occurring through Culture, Language and Return to Country programs.
Recommendation 53
The Steering Committee recommends that a statewide intergenerational healing response be developed for children and grandchildren of Stolen Generations to ensure specialised community led trauma healing programs, healing centres and healing events on Country are enabled.
Andrew Jackomos made the following statement in his submission to the Royal Commission into the Victorian Mental Health System: ‘The legacy of intergenerational trauma is still very present in past, present and subsequent generations. Isolated reforms that happen in one pocket of the service system will not effectively address these complex issues.’236 As such it is noted here that the health, mental health, and intergenerational healing service provision responses for descendants recommended in this report, recommendations 41, 42, 53, and 55, need to consider the complexities of intergenerational healing and recommendation 53 must be integrated across multiple fields of service provision and policy frameworks.
It is recommended that an intergenerational healing response is led by Stolen Generations and families with a focus on intergenerational trauma, healing and resilience for descendants of Stolen Generations. It is considered that an increased focus on designing intergenerational healing responses with the leadership of Stolen Generations and families, an opportunity for self-determination and community empowerment is provided through the development process. A Stolen Generations consultation participant stated ‘’….it happened to me. It happened to me, not my kids and grandkids. I want to look after their interests myself, and I want to be supported by the government to do this… I think the descendants should be able to access therapeutic care and programs... I am responsible for them.’ The Healing Foundation’s Collective Healing Report completed thorough research on existing healing models for Stolen Generations and developed a framework for community led implementation.237 This report may be of assistance in developing community led intergenerational healing programs.
It is recommended that such an intergenerational healing response receive ongoing funding for research, development and expert support in creating intergenerational resilience and to ensure that intergenerational trauma and healing is addressed within all Victorian Government policy frameworks and service guidelines. It is recommended that research and implementation also consider the development of a case management practice model for use within service provision. In 2020 Dr Gee stated, ‘More Koori and Aboriginal-led research is needed to develop a greater understanding of the specific ways in which resilience is manifest and transmitted within the context of parenting, parent-child relationships, and histories of trauma across generations.’238 Additionally, the Healing Foundation recommended in 2017 that ‘Research is needed to establish the specific effects of intergenerational trauma amongst the Stolen Generations. Such research needs to involve, at all stages, Stolen Generations members and their families.’239 It is noted that the Royal Commission in Victoria’s Mental Health system made recommendations into trauma research through a ‘Statewide Trauma Service’, it is considered that any research implemented from this Royal Commission should also include intergenerational trauma led by and for Stolen Generations and families.
The Steering Committee recommends any services arising from this response be made available to all Stolen Generations descendants living in Victoria. Finity Consulting has estimated that there are between 9,500 and 11,300 descendants that would be eligible. Finity Consulting state ‘There is significant uncertainty around this estimate.’240 Further information on the participant estimate research for the descendants of Stolen Generations in Victoria will be provided in the Finity Consulting final report for the Steering Committee in late June 2021.
Bringing Them Home Worker Program
The Bringing Them Home Workers program remains one of the few implemented services from the Commonwealth responses to the Bringing Them Home Report recommendations. There are currently 13 Bringing Them Home Workers in Victoria and although they are federally funded positions, they are administered by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation’s across regional and urban Victoria. Please note that in Victoria the ‘Bringing Them Home Worker’ title differs to the national title of ‘Bringing Them Home Counsellor’ due to a jurisdiction specification when this program was implemented in Victoria.241
The Bringing Them Home Workers program provides a unique and specialised service to Stolen Generations and has been reviewed a number of times, in 2008 the Bringing Them Home program was reviewed in the Stolen Generations Victoria, Unfinished Business Report and several solutions were proposed in this report. In 2017 the Healing Foundation reported nationally that ‘The Bringing Them Home counsellor positions originally funded in 1997 are now expected to provide general social and emotional wellbeing services for the whole Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.’242 In 2021 the Healing Foundation reflects on the Victorian model of the Bringing Them Home Worker program and states ‘OATSIH failed to provide minimum program standards or guidelines for services, and no central coordination, monitoring or support for workers or organisations. This put the onus on community organisations and workers to design, implement and manage complex services.’243
Consultation participants consistently indicated the importance and value of the Bringing Them Home Workers role in providing Victorian Stolen Generations support. The following recommendation is made to ensure this program can be enhanced to best support Stolen Generations throughout the Reparations process and beyond.
Recommendation 54
The Steering Committee recommends that the Bringing Them Home worker program be reviewed in Victoria to improve outcomes for Stolen Generations.
It is noted that as this program is federally fund, Victorian Government may need to negotiate with the Commonwealth Government in order to fulfill this recommendation.
The Steering Committee completed a focused consultation session with Bringing Them Home Workers in order to identify challenges and solutions in supporting their Stolen Generations clients through a Reparations process. A number of challenges were raised including limits on Bringing Them Home worker professional development and forums, being included by the urban Stolen Generations support services, support to provide access to records, healing centres, memorials and truth-telling opportunities for Stolen Generations clients. A number of solutions were also proposed such as increased access to ongoing support including monthly support groups and an annual Bringing Them Home Worker forum, Bringing Them Home workforce to increase funding for positions to ensure gender equality, using cultural strengths, experienced knowledge base of long-term Bringing Them Home workers and existing support services to maintain holistic service support for Stolen Generations.
End notes
213 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997, Bringing Them Home Report
214 Healing Foundation, Precious Memories – Building a Library of Elders Oral History and Stories - Rumbalara Aboriginal Co-operative; Koorie Heritage Trust, Oral History Program and Collection
215 Stolen Generations Reparations: Interim Report - Draft Findings, May 2021, Finity Consulting Pty Ltd
216 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997, Bringing Them Home Report; Commonwealth of Australia, Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., Walker, R., 2014, Working Together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health and Wellbeing Principles and Practice
217 Healing Foundation, 2017, Bringing Them Home Report – 20 Years On; Healing Foundation, 21 February 2020, Submission to Victoria Legislative Assembly and Social Issues Committee, Forced Adoptions Inquiry; Healing Foundation, 2021-2022, Pre-Budget Submission
218 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
219 Victoria Government, Department of Health and Human Services, Korin Korin Balit-Djak Aboriginal health, wellbeing and safety strategic plan 2017–2027
220 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997; Victorian Stolen Generations Taskforce, 2003, Stolen Generations Taskforce Report; Stolen Generations Victoria, 2008, Unfinished Business: Reparations, Restitution and Rehabilitation
221 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
222 Victoria Government, Department of Health and Human Services, Balit Murrup, Aboriginal social and emotional wellbeing framework, 2017-2017
223 Victoria Government, Department of Health and Human Services, Balit Murrup, Aboriginal social and emotional wellbeing framework, 2017-2017; Royal Commission into Victoria Mental Health System, 2021, Supporting Aboriginal Social Emotional Wellbeing, Volume 3, Chapter 20
224 Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, 2021 Final Report – Care Dignity and Respect: Closing the Gap, Volume 3A, 7.6.1
225 Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, 2021 Final Report – Care Dignity and Respect: Closing the Gap, Volume 3A, 7.6.1
226 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
227 Stolen Generations Reparations: Interim Report - Draft Findings, May 2021, Finity Consulting Pty Ltd [Final Report will be provided in late June 2021]
228 Healing Foundation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ageing Advisory Group and Australian Association of Gerontology, August 2019, Stolen Generations Aged Care Forum Report
229 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
230 Stolen Generations Reparations: Interim Report - Draft Findings, May 2021, Finity Consulting Pty Ltd
232 Stolen Generations Reparations: Interim Report - Draft Findings, May 2021, Finity Consulting Pty Ltd
233 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
234 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997, Bringing Them Home Report
235 Victoria Government, 11 September 2018, Victims and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2018; Victoria Government, 21 October 2020, Children, Youth and Families Act 2005, Chapter 7A
236 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System, 11 July 2019, Witness Statement of Andrew Jackomos
237 Healing Foundation and Maru Marri, University of New South Wales, November 2014, A Resource for Collective Healing for Members of the Stolen Generations: Planning, implementing and evaluating effective local response
238 Gee, G., Lesniowska, R., Santhanam-Martin, R., & Chamberlain, C., 2020, ‘Breaking the Cycle of Trauma – Koori Parenting, What Works for Us’, First Peoples Child & Family Review, 15(2), 45-66
239 Healing Foundation, 2017, Bringing Them Home Report – 20 Years On
240 Stolen Generations Reparations: Interim Report - Draft Findings, May 2021, Finity Consulting Pty Ltd
241 Ministerial Council of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, 2003, Evaluation of responses to Bringing Them Home Report
242 Stolen Generations Victoria, 2008, Unfinished Business: Reparations, Restitution and Rehabilitation; Healing Foundation, 2017, Bringing Them Home Report – 20 Years On
243 Healing Foundation, 2 June 2021, Make Healing Happen: It’s Time to Act
Updated